Contract and Commercial Law Act 2017

Contracts legislation - Contractual privity

15: Variation or discharge by agreement or in accordance with express provision

You could also call this:

“Changing or ending promises: when everyone agrees or when it's allowed”

You can change or end a promise or duty that comes from section 12 in two ways. The first way is if everyone agrees to it. This means the people who made the promise and the person who benefits from it all say it’s okay to change or end it.

The second way is if the original agreement said it could be changed or ended. For this to work, a few things need to happen. The agreement must have said it could be changed when it was first made. The person who benefits from the promise must know about this rule, even if they don’t know all the details. Also, the person who benefits mustn’t have changed what they’re doing because of the promise before they found out about the rule. Finally, any changes or ending of the promise must follow what the rule says.

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14: Variation or discharge of promise may require beneficiary’s consent, or

"You might need permission to change or cancel a promise made to someone else"


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16: Court may authorise variation or discharge, or

"Court can allow changes or cancellations to promises or duties"

Part 2 Contracts legislation
Contractual privity

15Variation or discharge by agreement or in accordance with express provision

  1. Nothing in this subpart prevents a promise to which section 12 applies or an obligation imposed by that section from being varied or discharged at any time—

  2. by agreement between the parties to the deed or contract and the beneficiary; or
    1. by any party or parties to the deed or contract if—
      1. the deed or contract contained, when the promise was made, an express provision to that effect; and
        1. the provision is known to the beneficiary (whether or not the beneficiary has knowledge of the precise terms of the provision); and
          1. the beneficiary had not materially altered the beneficiary’s position in reliance on the promise before the provision became known to the beneficiary; and
            1. the variation or discharge is in accordance with the provision.
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